Unveiling the Rich Historical Tapestry of Bursa: From Ancient Beginnings to Ottoman Glory

Ancient Beginnings: From 8500 BC to 6th Century BC

Recent archaeological discoveries in Bursa reveal a fascinating history dating back to 2500-2700 BC. However, findings from the Akçalar Aktopraklık excavation push the earliest traces of civilization in the Bursa provincial area to an impressive 8500 BC. This region has seen various rulers and cultures, evolving through centuries of significant historical events.

The Bithynian Era and Greek Influence

Bursa came under Bithynian control in the 4th century BC. According to the famous historian Herodotus, Cius (Gemlik) was the only city in the area around the 12th century BC. Other notable settlements like Apamea (Mudanya) and Apollonia (Gölyazı) emerged in the 10th and before the 6th century BC, respectively. During the reign of Croesus (561-546 BC), Bursa experienced Lydian and subsequently Persian rule, leading to widespread destruction. Greek immigrants then settled along the Marmara Sea coast, significantly impacting the region’s development.

Rise of the Bithynian Kingdom

Under King Prusias I (232-192 BC), Bursa was elevated to city status, complete with fortified walls. The renowned Carthaginian general Hannibal, who sought refuge with Prusias I after his defeat by the Romans, designed the first city plan for Bursa, naming it Prusa. This period marked the beginning of Bursa’s significant urban and architectural development.

Roman and Byzantine Influence

In 74 BC, the Bithynian Kingdom became part of the Roman Empire. After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Bursa remained under Byzantine control. By around 500 AD, sericulture began to flourish, turning Bursa into a prominent center for silk production. The city’s natural hot springs also led to the construction of numerous hammams, enhancing its reputation as a spa destination during Emperor Justinian’s reign (527-565 AD).

Islamic and Seljuk Conquests

Muslims first arrived in Bursa during the Abbasid Caliphate under Harun al-Rashid in the 8th century. The Hamdanids of Aleppo captured Nicaea (Iznik) in 995 AD, ruling it for 23 years. Turks arrived in the Bursa region in 1080 AD, making Nicaea the capital of the Anatolian Seljuk State between 1081-1097 AD. After the Crusaders captured Nicaea in 1097 AD, it became the capital of the Byzantine Empire during the Latin occupation of Constantinople (1204-1261 AD). Prusa remained a minor lordship under Nicaea until the 14th century.

Ottoman Conquest and Golden Age

After years of siege by Osman Bey, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Bursa was captured by his son Orhan Bey on April 6, 1326. The city was peacefully handed over and became the capital of the burgeoning Ottoman Empire. Osman Bey was buried in Gümüşlü Kubbe (Saint Elia Monastery) in Tophane, following his wishes.

Under Ottoman rule, Bursa flourished, rapidly expanding and becoming an important cultural and architectural hub. It remained the Ottoman capital until Edirne took over in 1365, but Bursa continued to be honored as the capital of Anatolia, maintaining its historical and cultural significance.

Explore the Legacy with “Kuruluş: Osman“

For those captivated by Bursa’s rich history and the rise of the Ottoman Empire, the popular television series “Kuruluş: Osman” provides a dramatic and engaging portrayal of these historical events. The series follows the life of Osman Bey, highlighting his struggles and triumphs in establishing the Ottoman Empire. It offers a blend of historical accuracy and compelling storytelling, making it a must-watch for history enthusiasts.

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Dive into the epic journey of Osman Bey, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, with “Kuruluş: Osman.” This thrilling historical series brings to life the struggles, battles, and triumphs that shaped one of the most powerful empires in history. Now, you can enjoy every moment with English subtitles, exclusively on OsmanOnline.live.

• Content adapted from Bursa.com.
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